Transformations in Japanese Society from the Late Edo Period to the Meiji Era
From the late Edo period to the Meiji era, Japan underwent significant social changes. The long-standing isolationist policy came to an end, and with the arrival of Commodore Perry’s “Black Ships” in 1853, Japan rapidly began trading with Western nations. The collapse of the shogunate also marked the end of the feudal system, paving the way for the foundation of a modern nation-state. During the “Meiji Restoration,” a series of reforms were implemented to bring Japan’s industries up to par with Western standards, with trade being a major focus. Among the industries that drew special attention was the Japanese tea industry.
Until the Edo period, Japanese tea was mainly consumed domestically. However, after Japan opened its doors to the world, the demand for Japanese tea from Western countries surged. The era from the late Edo to the Meiji period saw Japan’s industries expanding rapidly into the international arena, with the tea industry riding this wave to enter the global market.
The Beginning of Japan’s Domestic and International Tea Markets
After Japan opened to foreign trade in the late Edo period, commerce with Western nations began to flourish. During this time, Japanese tea exports began in earnest, and the supply quickly expanded beyond the domestic market to the global stage. Particularly in the U.S. and Europe, Japanese tea became popular. The exotic flavor and aroma of Japanese tea captivated Western consumers, contributing to its growing popularity.
Simultaneously, the domestic market continued to develop. After the Meiji Restoration, Japan was rapidly transforming into a modern state, and as urban areas expanded, so did the tea market. Green tea became a staple in the daily lives of Japanese people, enjoyed not only after meals but also as a casual beverage during moments of relaxation. As a result, the domestic market continued to grow while exports steadily increased.
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